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THE ARTICLEWarmer weather causes headachesScientists in the USA have found a strong link between headaches and warmer weather. For many years people have believed that sudden increases in temperatures cause headaches. Doctors at a medical centre in Boston now say they know it’s true. Researchers did a study on 7,054 patients who went to hospital because of a headache. Their research showed that the main cause of the patients’ headaches was a change in the weather. A rise in temperature in the previous 24 hours was the biggest trigger. The research team said the chances of getting a bad headache increased by 7.5 percent with every five-degree Celsius rise in the temperature. The second biggest cause was a fall in air pressure, which happens especially after thunderstorms.
Lead researcher Dr. Kenneth J. Mukamal of Harvard Medical School gave a simple explanation of his research. He said: “In the summer, you may think that ice cream sets off your migraine. But it wasn’t the ice cream, it was the temperature increase on that very hot day that led you to eat the ice cream.” Dr. Mukamal added: “Our results are consistent with the idea that severe headaches can be triggered by external factors. These findings tell us that the environment around us does affect our health.” One doctor said to avoid headaches, we should stay away from things like coffee and wine when the weather suddenly gets hotter. Bad headaches and migraines affect millions. Around 18 percent of women and six percent of men suffer from them.
WARM-UPS1. WEATHER: Walk around the class and talk to other students about the weather. Change partners often. After you finish, sit with your partner(s) and share your findings. 2. CHAT: In pairs / groups, decide which of these topics or words from the article are most interesting and which are most boring.
Have a chat about the topics you liked. Change topics and partners frequently. 3. HEADACHES: What things give you a headache? Complete the table. Talk about what you wrote with your partner(s). Change partners and share what you found out.
4. TEMPERATURES: Students A strongly believe temperature affects our health; Students B strongly believe temperature has no affect on our health at all. Change partners again and talk about your conversations. 5. WEATHER ME: How does the weather affect your feeling? Rank the following. 10 = a lot, 1 = not at all. Change partners and talk about your ranking.
6. ICE CREAM: Spend one minute writing down all of the different words you associate with the word ‘ice cream’. Share your words with your partner(s) and talk about them. Together, put the words into different categories. BEFORE READING / LISTENING1. TRUE / FALSE: Look at the article’s headline and guess whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F):
2. SYNONYM MATCH: Match the following synonyms from the article:
3. PHRASE MATCH: Match the following phrases from the article (sometimes more than one. combination is possible):
WHILE READING / LISTENINGGAP FILL: Put the words into the gaps in the text.
LISTENING: Listen and fill in the spaces.Scientists in the USA have found _______________ between headaches and warmer weather. For many years people have believed that _________________ temperatures cause headaches. Doctors at a medical centre in Boston now say they know it’s true. Researchers ______________ 7,054 patients who went to hospital because of a headache. Their research showed that _________________ the patients’ headaches was a change in the weather. A rise in temperature in the previous 24 hours was the biggest trigger. The research team said the _______________ a bad headache increased by 7.5 percent with every five-degree Celsius rise in the temperature. The second biggest cause _______________ air pressure, which happens especially after thunderstorms. Lead researcher Dr. Kenneth J. Mukamal of Harvard Medical School gave a simple explanation _______________. He said: “In the summer, you may think that ice cream _______________ migraine. But it wasn’t the ice cream, it was the temperature increase on that very hot day _______________ eat the ice cream.” Dr. Mukamal added: “Our results are consistent with the idea that severe headaches can _______________ external factors. These findings tell us that the environment around us does affect our health.” One doctor said to avoid headaches, we should _______________ things like coffee and wine when the weather suddenly gets hotter. Bad headaches and migraines affect millions. Around 18 percent of women and six percent of men _______________. AFTER READING / LISTENING1. WORD SEARCH: Look in your dictionaries / computer to find collocates, other meanings, information, synonyms … for the words ‘strong’ and ‘link’.
2. ARTICLE QUESTIONS: Look back at the article and write down some questions you would like to ask the class about the text.
3. GAP FILL: In pairs / groups, compare your answers to this exercise. Check your answers. Talk about the words from the activity. Were they new, interesting, worth learning…? 4. VOCABULARY: Circle any words you do not understand. In groups, pool unknown words and use dictionaries to find their meanings. 5. TEST EACH OTHER: Look at the words below. With your partner, try to recall how they were used in the text:
STUDENT WEATHER SURVEYWrite five GOOD questions about the weather in the table. Do this in pairs. Each student must write the questions on his / her own paper. When you have finished, interview other students. Write down their answers.
DISCUSSIONSTUDENT A’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student B)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- STUDENT B’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student A)
LANGUAGEScientists in the USA have found a strong (1) ____ between headaches and warmer weather. For many years people have believed that (2) ____ increases in temperatures cause headaches. Doctors at a medical centre in Boston now say they know it’s (3) ____. Researchers did a study on 7,054 patients who went to hospital because of a headache. Their research showed that the main cause (4) ____ the patients’ headaches was a change in the weather. A rise in temperature in the (5) ____ 24 hours was the biggest trigger. The research team said the chances of getting a bad headache increased by 7.5 percent with (6) ____ five-degree Celsius rise in the temperature. The second biggest cause was a fall in air pressure, which happens especially after thunderstorms. Lead researcher Dr. Kenneth J. Mukamal of Harvard Medical School (7) ____ a simple explanation of his research. He said: “In the summer, you may think that ice cream sets (8) ____ your migraine. But it wasn’t the ice cream, it was the temperature increase on that very hot day that led you to eat the ice cream.” Dr. Mukamal added: “Our results are consistent (9) ____ the idea that severe headaches can be triggered by external factors. These findings tell us that the environment around us (10) ____ affect our health.” One doctor said to avoid headaches, we should stay away from things (11) ____ coffee and wine when the weather suddenly gets hotter. Bad headaches and migraines affect millions. Around 18 percent of women and six percent of men (12) ____ from them. Put the correct words from the table below in the above article.
WRITING:Write about headaches for 10 minutes. Correct your partner’s paper. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ HOMEWORK1. VOCABULARY EXTENSION: Choose several of the words from the text. Use a dictionary or Google’s search field (or another search engine) to build up more associations / collocations of each word. 2. INTERNET: Search the Internet and find out more about the weather and headaches. Share what you discover with your partner(s) in the next lesson. 3. WEATHER: Make a poster about different kinds of weather. How does each make you feel? Show your work to your classmates in the next lesson. Did you all have similar things? 4. HEADACHE: Write a magazine article about headaches. Include imaginary interviews with different people who get headaches from different things. Read what you wrote to your classmates in the next lesson. Write down any new words and expressions you hear from your partner(s). 5. LETTER: Write a letter to Dr. Kenneth J. Mukamal. Ask him three questions about his research. Give him three ideas on what he should research next. Read your letter to your partner(s) in your next lesson. Your partner(s) will answer your questions. ANSWERSTRUE / FALSE:
SYNONYM MATCH:
PHRASE MATCH:
GAP FILL: Warmer weather causes headachesScientists in the USA have found a strong link between headaches and warmer weather. For many years people have believed that sudden increases in temperatures cause headaches. Doctors at a medical centre in Boston now say they know it’s true. Researchers did a study on 7,054 patients who went to hospital because of a headache. Their research showed that the main cause of the patients’ headaches was a change in the weather. A rise in temperature in the previous 24 hours was the biggest trigger. The research team said the chances of getting a bad headache increased by 7.5 percent with every five-degree Celsius rise in the temperature. The second biggest cause was a fall in air pressure, which happens especially after thunderstorms. Lead researcher Dr. Kenneth J. Mukamal of Harvard Medical School gave a simple explanation of his research. He said: “In the summer, you may think that ice cream sets off your migraine. But it wasn’t the ice cream, it was the temperature increase on that very hot day that led you to eat the ice cream.” Dr. Mukamal added: “Our results are consistent with the idea that severe headaches can be triggered by external factors. These findings tell us that the environment around us does affect our health.” One doctor said to avoid headaches, we should stay away from things like coffee and wine when the weather suddenly gets hotter. Bad headaches and migraines affect millions. Around 18 percent of women and six percent of men suffer from them. LANGUAGE WORK
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